Chromosomal DNA consists of two DNA polymers that make up a 3-dimensional (3D) structure called a double helix. In a double helix structure, the strands of DNA run antiparallel, meaning the 5’ end of …

The carbon atoms of the deoxyribose sugar in DNA nucleotides are labeled with numbers accompanied by prime marks. Prime marks look similar to apostrophes (e.g., 3').

Knowing the structure of DNA unlocked the door to understanding many aspects of DNA's function, such as how it is copied and how the information it carries can be used to produce proteins.

A key historical experiment that demonstrated the semi-conservative mechanism of DNA replication.

DNA, short for deoxyribonucleic acid, consists of nucleotides forming a double helix structure. Nucleotides contain a phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base. The bases, …

DNA is made up of four types of nucleotides: adenine (A), cytosine (C), thymine (T), and guanine (G). Each nucleotide consists of a phosphate group (P), a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

The majority of prokaryotic DNA is found in a central region of the cell called the nucleoid, and it typically consists of a single large loop called a circular chromosome.

Summary: DNA is divided up into functional units called genes, which may specify polypeptides (proteins and protein subunits) or functional RNAs (such as tRNAs and rRNAs). Information from a gene is …

How DNA carries this information, and how it is put into action by cells and organisms, is complex, fascinating, and fairly mind-blowing, and we’ll explore it in more detail in the section on molecular …

The main enzyme involved in transcription is RNA polymerase, which uses a single-stranded DNA template to synthesize a complementary strand of RNA. Specifically, RNA polymerase builds an …