The current paradigm for the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is that chronic airflow limitation results from an abnormal inflammatory response to inhaled particles …

Dec 1, 2021 · Several risk factors have been associated with COPD, including cigarette smoking (CS), occupational exposures, and aging. As COPD develops gradually, most exposures such …

Sep 25, 2019 · This pair of review articles examines our current understanding of the biology, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Different cell types, including macrophages, epithelial cells, neutrophils, and T lymphocytes, contribute to COPD pathophysiology. Alteration in cell functions results in the generation of an …

This concise review summarizes current understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of COPD and pro-vides background explaining the increasing calls to expand the diagnostic …

Two main biologic mechanisms can lead to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adulthood: abnormal lung development and an increased rate of lung-function decline with age.

Currently, there is no accepted model that encompasses the biochemical and mechanical processes responsible for pulmonary airspace enlargement.

In this Series paper, we argue that to advance understanding of the contributions of gene–environment interactions to the pathogenesis of COPD, we need to consider host and …

Oct 1, 2023 · Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is diagnosed on the basis of airflow obstruction, although the definition also encompasses emphysema. It develops when …

Jun 27, 2024 · Reference article This is a summary article; read more in our article on COPD. Terminology The definition of COPD does not include the terms chronic bronchitis or …