A version of thie article appeared in the February 2012 issue of Test & Measurement World. See the PDF. Many industrial systems use the 4–20-mA loop to transmit measurements from sensors to displays, ...

Power supplies use control-loop circuits to produce constant voltage or current. The transfer function—gain and phase as a function of frequency—provides valuable information about a control loop’s ...

Use of 4-to-20-mA current loops involves more than just a simple series connection between sensor, display, and power supply. The point where a sensor takes a measurement is, at times, many yards away ...

Radiation-hardened phase-locked loop (PLL) circuits represent a critical advancement in safeguarding electronic systems against the deleterious effects of ionising radiation. These circuits are ...

Spare a moment’s pity for the process engineer, whose job it is to keep industrial automation running no matter what. These poor souls seem to be forever on call, fielding panicked requests to come to ...

Significant efficiency and performance improvements can be realized by improving the current loop’s power supplies, replacing linear regulators with high-efficiency buck regulators. It also increases ...

A newly identified part of a brain circuit mixes sensory information, memories, and emotions to tell whether things are familiar or new, and important or just "background noise." Led by researchers ...