Repair procedures based on the use of bioprosthetic plugs were developed to assist fistula healing and improve continence by preventing surgical trauma to the sphincter muscle. Ellis and ...

He noted the heterogeneity estimates his group found were I 2 =95% for laparoscopic versus open surgery, and I 2 =90% for primary repair versus ... of ileosigmoid fistula. Fistulas of any kind ...