From the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model shown above, answer the following items: 1. Which layer encapsulates the segment into packets? 2. Which layer of the OSI model supplies services that ...

The OSI model defines protocols for how a network technically handles communications at the various functional layers. Starting with electrons and photons at the physical layer (Layer 1), the model ...

Getting a handle on the invisible part of your network—the protocols that are in use—can be of enormous value in helping you detect problems. So far, we've talked about the tangibles of your ...

Getting started on designing a network is a task of formidable proportions, but all the more so if you are looking to build a secure IT network. Often, IT system administrators are not fully familiar ...

For many in the communication industry, the open system interconnect (OSI) network model is a simply a stack. But, designers shouldn't be so quick to diminish the value that the OSI model provides to ...

We recently advised that people in the business of planning, building and supporting computer networks should not lose sight of the mythical OSI Layer 8. We define Layer 8 as the human-to-human ...

A couple posts ago, we talked about Layer 1 of the OSI Model — the Physical Layer. Today, we’ll start our climb up the Model with a visit to Layer 2, the Data Link Layer. The Data Link Layer is one of ...

A networking topology choice that is easily misunderstood. There are many questions that come to mind when selecting a Layer 2 vs Layer 3 network topology for audio systems. Surprisingly, most of it ...

Explains the three layers critical to network design: Access, Distribution, and Core Anyone involved in networking and/or telecommunications should be somewhat familiar with the use of layers. Many ...

Not long after you begin to work in computing, the truth of Murphy’s Law — “What can go wrong, will” — becomes apparent. As you move on to networking, you realize the reality of Murphy’s Law of ...