Mean value engine models (MVEM) can be considered the standard models for hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test systems for engine control units (ECUs). Mainly due to stricter environmental regulation, ...
Researchers propose a real-time fault injection framework based on a hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) simulation platform and a real-time electronic control unit (ECU) prototype. “A well-known challenge in ...
ABSTRACT Energy management is one of the key challenges for the development of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) due to its complex powertrain structure. Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) simulation provides an ...
The increasing complexity of embedded systems within battery management necessitates robust testing methodologies that ...