Forest structural complexity describes the three-dimensional arrangement of vegetation elements at multiple spatial scales, from leaf and branch distributions to canopy layering and gap dynamics. This ...

We are told the natural world is ‘breaking down’. But forests don’t work like aeroplanes or human hearts ...

Relocating trees to protect forests struggling with climate change seems promising, but the extreme complexity of ecosystems ...

Forest fragmentation—the division of large, intact woodlands into smaller patches—has emerged as a critical issue in 21st-century global land cover change, with far-reaching implications for ecosystem ...

Researchers have published new findings on how leaf-eating insects affect forest ecosystems worldwide. Researchers are aware of how large herbivores cycle nutrients in forests. They know much less, ...

Against the backdrop of global change—characterized by climate warming, shifting precipitation patterns, and intensified anthropogenic disturbances—the ...

Even-aged forest management is geared towards timber production with ecosystem health as a lesser consideration. This creates a dichotomy where forests are treated either as plantations or reserves.

Forests around the world are quietly transforming, and not for the better. A massive global analysis of more than 31,000 tree species reveals that forests are becoming more uniform, increasingly ...

Humus dynamics in forest ecosystems describe the processes by which plant litter and other organic inputs are transformed, stabilised and ultimately stored within soil profiles. Litterfall, root ...

This voice experience is generated by AI. Learn more. This voice experience is generated by AI. Learn more. Beyond timber, forests sustain entire economies as roughly 5.8 billion people depend on ...

Ecological restoration is the process of reclaiming habitat and ecosystem functions by restoring the lands and waters on which plants and animals depend. Restoration is a corrective step that involves ...

“As humans, our everyday lives are sustained by the behaviors and interactions of forest organisms,” photographer David Herasimtschuk writes of old growth forests. “Yet, because these processes and ...