An address or pointer that changes when the target item is moved or the relationship to it has changed. For example, in a spreadsheet, a cell with a relative reference changes its formula when copied ...

Q: My partner says there’s an F4 shortcut to creating absolute cell references in Excel formulas, but for the life of me I can’t make it work. What am I doing wrong? A: Your partner is right, but ...

An address or pointer that does not change. For example, in a spreadsheet, a cell with an absolute reference does not change even if copied elsewhere. Contrast with relative reference. See explicit ...