Delta-sigma modulation has emerged as a pivotal technique in CMOS technology for high-resolution analogue‐to‐digital conversion. By utilising oversampling and noise-shaping strategies, this method ...

One popular way to reconstruct analog signals in microcontrollers (µCs) is through pulse width modulation (PWM). However, this modulation produces a large number of harmonic components, which limits ...

In this paper, we will attempt to explain sigma delta converters with a non-mathematical approach, covering the basic concepts of noise shaping and oversampling, explained with the help of some ...

Incremental analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and delta-sigma modulators represent two advanced architectures that have been pivotal in high-precision signal processing. Incremental ADCs convert ...

Fundamental to all wireless communications is modulation, the process of impressing the data to be transmitted on the radio carrier. Most wireless transmissions today are digital, and with the limited ...