When a PLC is used primarily to replace relays, timers, and counters, it's hard to beat the simplicity and usefulness of ladder diagram programming. Their ability to accept programming in ladder ...

Way back before the days of microcomputers, a few very lucky students first got their hands wet with microcomputer trainers. These simple devices used common logic chips, lights, and switches to ...

A central goal of synthetic biology is to create cellular networks that integrate input signals for decision making and actuation 1. In recent years, artificial logic gates 2,3,4 and memory devices ...