What is our Universe made out of? At a fundamental level, to the best of our knowledge, the answer is simple: particles and fields. The type of matter that makes up humans, Earth, and all the stars, ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. The Universe is out there, waiting for you to discover it. But not all particles are like the electron. For some of them, even ...

The universe has cooked up all sorts of bizarre and beautiful forms of matter, from blazing stars to purring cats, out of just three basic ingredients. Electrons and two types of quarks, dubbed “up” ...

The particles that are in an atom: protons, neutrons and electrons The particles that are in protons and neutrons: quarks The four fundamental forces: gravity, electromagnetism, the strong force and ...

It has been thought of as many things: a pointlike object, an excitation of a field, a speck of pure math that has cut into reality. But never has physicists’ conception of a particle changed more ...

What Are Atmospheric Aerosols Exactly Aerosols refer to fine solid or liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere, where ...